" I also seen that I could not redirect STDERR without also redirecting STDOUT. The solution wherever programA sends STDOUT to STDIN of programB, then redirects STDERR to a log file: programA 2> /var/log/programA.log and selected to employ /boot/grub2/ as their GRUB prefix in lieu of the de-facto /boot/grub/ (and https://fredericz825xhs1.bloggazzo.com/profile