Hydration arrives courtesy of panthenol (a provitamin of vitamin B5) and honey. Panthenol has demonstrated major hydrating traits in reports. Honey is often a humectant that draws and locks in humidity. Finally, allantoin and arnica help soothe to prevent discomfort that could manifest in the retinol On this formulation. https://medium.com/@danbammassage123/aquatic-bodywork-massage-in-water-59e111224594